Hus at Constance (1842)
by the German romantic painter Carl Friedrich Lessing (1808-80). The
German protestant shows here Hus as a kind of forefather of Luther
defying the clergy who will burn him.
Hussite Sermon (1836) by the German romantic painter Carl Friedrich Lessing (1808-80).
Lessing depicts here the revolutionary Hussites as an idealized example. They are demanding a reform of the Catholic Church and of the feudal society. Disguised as a history painting it’s an explicit critic of German society during the restoration after Napoleonic wars, a prelude to the Revolution of 1948.
The Return of the Crusader (1835) by the German painter Carl Friedrich Lessing (1808-1880).
The Romantic painter Lessing shows an old disillusioned warrior coming home. Sure that he left a lot of his ideals back there in the war. May be that some crusaders returned like this, but painting must be seen in the context of the conservative restoration in Europe that ended the liberal and national dreams.
History painting dates back to the Renaissance and was long considered to be the "grand genre". Nevertheless it has its peak in the 19th century forged by Neoclassicism and Romanticism. There it became the artistic contribution in the process of the construction of National Identities of the European and American nations.
At the same time history painting under the influence of historism pretended to be "realistic", to show history how it has been. Above all it was this pretension that led to the great failure of History painting AND Realism at the end of the century.
When artists and their public realized that telling history always will be subjective and a painting will always be an illusion Realism and history painting lost their ground to modern painting.